My Dream World

The discovery of the modern novel is a typical gift of the 18th Century. It is the original contribution of England to the world of literature. The novel as a popular genre began with Richardson's Pamela in 1740. But the root of the English novel plunges deep through the centuries. In the 14th and 15th centuries the novel was in the process of formation. In those early days the novel was in the form of romantic tales based upon adventures and romantic episodes. A certain amount of prose fiction did exist in the 16th and 17th centuries also. The Beginning: Malory's Le Morte Darthur is a noticeable romance. It was the first English romance. With this book the English novel took a distinctive forward step. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales have all the qualities of the latter day fiction. In The Canterbury Tales Chaucer produced the first English novel. Another great work of value before the Elizabethan fiction was Thomas More's Utopia . Thus in early days Chaucer and More...

Christopher Marlowe is one of the greatest playwrights of Elizabethan England. He was the most shining star among the University Wits . He is appreciated in the entire world for the establishment of powerful dramatic blank verse. In spite of a very short career of play writing , his achievements are diverse and splendid. Swinburne calls him ‘the first great English poet, the father of English tragedy and the creator of blank verse’. Christopher Marlowe was baptized in a church at Canterbury, England, on February 26, 1564. He was the son of John Marlowe who was a shoemaker of Canterbury. He is known as Kit Marlowe too. His early years were spent in Canterbury. He received his school education at King’s School Canterbury. After that with the help of a patron he went up to Cambridge in 1581 and obtained his degree in 1583. Arthur Compton Rickett says, “Of his life after 1583, little is known”. Christopher Marlowe was a versatile genius. He acquired vast knowledge which is displaye...

The period from 1660 to 1700 is named as the Restoration period. The people of England were suffering from tension due to strict rule of Cromwell. That is why the nation welcomed the Restoration of Charles II. In 1660 King Charles II was brought to the throne. This Restoration brought about a revolutionary change in the social life and literature of England. The following characteristics distinguish this period: 1. The Restoration: King Charles II was a thorough debauch. He was immoral. He had a number of mistresses. He was surrounded by corrupt courtiers all the time. Due to king’s carelessness and weakness corruption was rampant in all walks of life. Thus during this period integrity, spiritual zeal, moral earnestness and decorum were thrown to winds. 2. Religious and Political Quarrels: In the Restoration period we see the rise of two political parties. They were the Whigs and the Tories. The Whigs were opposing and the Tories were supporting the king. The rise of these part...

Introduction: The age of Chaucer is the first significant period in the literary history of England. In every walk of life there were signs of change. The social, political, religious and literary changes were taking place. In short, it was an age of change. An Age of Transition: The age of Chaucer was a transitional age. The medievalism was departing and modernism was developing slowly. Wycliffe and his followers were sowing the seeds of Reformation. They were making attack upon the church. Individualism was being emphasized. Military events were contributing to the growth of patriotism and national consciousness. The industrial development was giving rise to the middle and working classes. It led to the end of feudal system. In this way we find that the age of Chaucer was an era of transition. Growth of National Sentiment: The age of Chaucer witnessed the beginning of the Hundred Years War. England was at war with Scotland and France. This war brought great victories in the bat...

The drama before Shakespeare found its full flowering with the dramatists called the University Wits . These dramatists were well-educated scholars. They wrote in the closing years of the 16th Century. This name of University Wits was given to them because they were nearly all educated at Oxford or Cambridge University. Wit was the synonym for scholar. All the University Wits have several features in common. They had stormy careers. All of them were actively associated with the theatre. They were usually actors as well as dramatists. They understood the requirements of the stage and felt the pulse of the audience. They often worked in collaboration with each other. Their store material was also common. With these dramatists English drama reached the highest point of glory. In many ways they developed English drama. Christopher Marlowe was the most shining star among the University Wits . Others were Lyly, Peele, Greene, Lodge, Nash and Kyd. John Lyly : As a dramatist Lyly occupies ...

The drama is that form of composition that is designed to be performed on stage. In this form of composition the actors play role for certain characters. They perform certain action and utter certain dialogues. The drama is deeply rooted in the religious instincts of man. It never lost its kinship with religion. In almost all the countries it has been cradled by religion. This is true about England too. In England drama developed in the courtyard of the church. The church began to use dramatic elements as the part of their services in the certain festival or ritual. The purpose behind this use was to give deep understanding of the religion to the believer. The stories of such plays were written by the clergy and performed by them using Latin language. Only in certain cathedrals and monasteries such plays were performed. It was difficult to understand these plays because they were in Latin. So in most of the plays the performers acted without dialogue. Only with the help of their ac...

M.A. Sem. I Examination (Model Question Paper) English - Paper I - Poetry Section - A (Objective Type Questions) Q1. Choose the correct option: 5x2=10 i. Milton' Paradise Lost is: a. an ode b. a lyric c. an elegy d. an epic ii. The Ramayan is a composition by: a. Kalidas b. Valmiki c. Vyas d. Tulsidas iii. Chaucer belongs to: a. 14th Century b. 16th Century c. 18th Century d. 20th Century iv. Coleridge is a: a. Classical poet b. Metaphysical poet c. Neoclassical poet d. Romantic poet v. Zimri is a character of: a. Chaucer b. Shakespeare c. Dryden d. Pope Section - B ( Short Answer Type Questions) Q2. Answer any FIVE of the following questions: 5x7=35 i. Define epic with examples. ii. What do you mean by 'Homeric Simile'. Discuss. iii. Justify the title 'Sundarkanda' iv. Write a note on Chaucer's Monk. v. Discuss the symbolic significance of 'albatross' of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. vi. Write a short note on Shakespearean sonnet. vii. De...

M.A. Sem. I Examination Dec. 2021 English Literature (Paper I - Poetry) Section-A (Objective Type Questions) Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 02 marks. Q.1. Choose the correct option: 5x2 =10 (i) 'Rhyme Royal' is associated with: a. Chaucer b. Milton c. John Donne d. William Shakespeare (ii) A comparison by John Donne that discovers  likeness in things unlike is known as: a. Satire b. Irony c. Symbol d. Conceit (iii) The line 'Fallen cherub, to be weak is miserable..' is uttered by: a. Adam b. Eve c. Satan d. Beelzebub (iv) Absalom in the poem 'Absalom and Achitophel' stands for: a. Duke of Buckingham b. Duke of Monmouth c. Earl of Shaftesbury d. Charles II (v) Ariel belongs to the category of: a. Sylphs b. Gnomes c. Nymphs d.Salamanders Section-B ( Short Answer Type Questions) Note: Attempt any five questions. Each question carries 07 marks. 5x7= 35 Q2. Explain the following with reference to the context:      'She was so charitabl...

  M.A. Sem. I Examination Dec. 2021 English (Paper- II) -  Drama Time: 3 Hours Total Marks - 85 Pass Marks - 28 Section A (Objective Type Questions) Note; Attempt all questions. Each question carries 02 marks; 5x2= 10 Q1. Choose the correct option: (i) Malavikagnimitra is a composition by: a. Banabhatta b. Kalidasa c. Bharat Muni d. Valmiki (ii) Gertrude is a character of: a. Marlowe b. Shakespeare c. Dryden d. Shaw (iii) To whom is Olivia married: a. Sebastian b. Orsino c. Malvolio d. Cesario (iv)Ariel is a character in: a. Hamlet b. King Lear c. Twelfth Night d. The Tempest (v) Cordelia is the daughter of: a. Prospero b. King Lear c. Claudius d. Polonius Section B (Short Answer Type Questions) Note: Attempt any five questions. Each question carries 7 marks. 5x7= 35 q2. Give a short introduction of Sophocles. Q3. Give a short introduction of Kalidasa. Q4. 'Frailty, thy name is woman'. Discuss this expression. Q5. Write a short note on Ophelia. Q6. Give a character ske...

MA IV Sem. English (Paper IV- American Literature) UNIT-I Annotations UNIT-II: (Prose) i. Emerson: American Scholar ii. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience UNIT- III (Poetry) i. Emily Dickinson: Because I Could not Wait for Death, I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed, A Light Exists in Spring, This is My Letter to the World. ii. Sylvia Plath: Daddy, Lady Lizarus, The Bee Meeting UNIT- IV (Drama) i. Tennessee Williams: The Glass Menagerie ii. Edward Albee: The Zoo Story UNIT-V (Fiction) i. Earnest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea ii. Steinbeck: Of Mice and Men

MA IV Sem. English (Paper III- Indian Writings in English) UNIT-I Annotations UNIT-II: i. Sarojini Naidu ii. Kamala Das Note: All poems of each poet in V.K. Gokak ed. Golden Treasury of Indo-Anglian Poetry, Sahitya Academy. UNIT- III i. M.R. Anand: Untouchable ii. R. K. Narayan: The English Teacher UNIT- IV i. Vishnu Sharma: Panchatantra ( Book I) ii. Munshi Premchand: The Shroud (Kafan) UNIT-V i. Amitav Ghosh: The Shadow Lines ii. Shashi Deshpande: That Long Silence

MA IV Sem. English (Paper II- English Language) UNIT-I Morphology: Morpheme, Allomorph, Word Formation UNIT-II: Linguistic Analysis: I.C. Analysis and Ambiguities UNIT- III Phonology: Sound Sequences: Syllable, Word Stress, Strong and Weak Forms, Stress and Intonation. UNIT- IV Grammar: Sentence types and their transformation relations: (a) Statement (b) Question (c) Negative (d) Passive (e) Imperative UNIT-V Grammar: Word Classes: Noun Phrase, Verb Phrase, Adjunct Phrase, Syntax Coordination, Subordination, Relative Clauses, Adverbials, Determiners, Article Features, Concord.

MA IV Sem. English (Paper I- Critical Theory) UNIT-I i. Anand Vardhan: Dhwani Theory ii. Ferdinand: Saussure: The Nature of Linguistic Sign UNIT-II: i. I.A. Richards: Two Uses of Language ii. J.C. Ransom: Concept of Structure and Texture of Poetry UNIT- III i. F.R. Leavis: Literary Criticism and Philosophy ii. J. Derrida: Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of Human Sciences UNIT- IV i. Edward Said: Crisis ( The Scope of Orientalism) ii.Basic Trends in Feminist Criticism UNIT-V Practical Criticism: It will contain two passages; One in verse and the other in prose for practical criticism following the technique as illustrated in I.A. Richards' book 'Practical Criticism' and David Daiches' 'Critical Approaches'.

MA III Sem. English (Paper IV- American Literature) UNIT-I Annotations UNIT-II: (Prose) Emerson: Self Reliance, The Over Soul UNIT- III (Poetry) Walt Whitman: O Captain, My Captain, Song of Myself : Grass, When Lilacs Last in Dooryard Bloomed, I Celebrate Myself. Robert Frost: Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, After Apple Picking, Birches, The Road not Taken. UNIT- IV (Drama) Eugene O' Neill: Mourning Becomes Electra Note: In Govt. P.G. College Satna: Hairy Ape UNIT-V (Fiction) Mark Twain: Huckleberry Finn

MA III Sem. English (Paper III- Indian Writings in English) UNIT-I Annotations UNIT-II i. Sri Aurobindo: Savitri (Book I- Canto I) ii. Tagore: Geetanjali (Poems- 1 to 10), McMillan Edition UNIT- III APJ Abdul Kalam: Wings of Fire UNIT- IV i. Asif Currimbhoy: Valley of Assassins ii. Badal Sircar: Evam Indrajit UNIT-V i. Anita Desai: Cry, the Peacock ii. Arun Joshi: The City and the River

MA III Sem. English (Paper II- English Language) UNIT-I Definition, Functions, Characteristics, Development of English Language. UNIT-II: Language Varieties: Register, Style and Dialect Approaches to the Study of Language: Synchronic and Diachronic UNIT- III Definition of Phonetics and Phonology, Difference between Phonetics and Phonology, Organs of Speech UNIT- IV Phonemes, Allophones, Phonetic Symbols for Sounds in RP UNIT-V Basics of Transformational Generic Grammar: Nature and Characteristics